There are mainly three
types of buses in the study of load flow analysis.
PV Bus or Generator bus
- It is also called as PV bus.
- The voltage magnitude and active power at this bus are specified.
- The reactive power and phase angle δ of the voltage are to be computed.
Load bus or PQ bus
- This bus is called as PQ bus.
- The active power and reactive power are specified at this bus.
- The magnitude of voltage and phase angle are to be computed at this bus.
Slack bus ( Swing bus / Reference bus )
- One bus is chosen as swing bus or reference bus in the generation buses.
- The magnitude and phase angle of the voltage are specified at this bus.
- The phase angle of the voltage is set to be zero.
- The active and reactive power to be computer at this bus.
- The concept of swing bus is fictitious because I2R losses of the system are not known advance for the load flow studies.
- If the slack bus is not specified, generation bus usually with maximum active power P is taken as reference bus.
Types of buses |
Specified Quantities |
Unknown Quantities |
PV
Bus |
P
and ǀ V ǀ |
Q
and δ |
PQ Bus |
P and Q |
ǀ V ǀ and δ |
Reference
bus |
ǀ
V ǀ and δ |
P
and Q |
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