Types of Buses in Load Flow Analysis

 

There are mainly three types of buses in the study of load flow analysis.

PV Bus or Generator bus

• It is also called as PV bus. 
• The voltage magnitude and active power at this bus are specified. 
• The reactive power and phase angle δ of the voltage are to be computed.

Load bus or PQ bus

• This bus is called as PQ bus. 
• The active power and reactive power are specified at this bus. 
• The magnitude of voltage and phase angle are to be computed at this bus.

Slack bus ( Swing bus / Reference bus )

•  One bus is chosen as swing bus or reference bus in the generation buses.
•  The magnitude and phase angle of the voltage are specified at this bus.
•  The phase angle of the voltage is set to be zero. 
• The active and reactive power to be computer at this bus. 
• The concept of swing bus is fictitious because I²R losses of the system are not known advance for the load flow studies.
• If the slack bus is not specified, generation bus usually with maximum active power P is taken as reference bus.

Types of buses	Specified Quantities	Unknown Quantities
PV Bus	P and ǀ V ǀ	Q and δ
PQ Bus	P and Q	ǀ V ǀ and δ
Reference bus	ǀ V ǀ and δ	P and Q

 

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