Advantages & Disadvantages of Integrated Circuits

Integrated Circuit

• It is a circuit in which transistor, resistors, capacitors, diodes etc. are fabricated in a single small chip.

Advantages of Integrated Circuits

• Less weight

Comparison Between Frequency Modulation ( FM ) and Amplitude Modulation ( AM )

Amplitude Modulation

• When the amplitude of the carrier wave is changed according to intensity of signal, it is called as amplitude modulation.
• Amplitude of carrier wave changes with modulation

Electrical Wiring Important Defination

Appliance

• It is an energy consuming device or equipment.

Light electrical Appliances

• It is electrical appliances whose power rating less than 5.0 kW.

Calculation of Earth Fault Current

The magnitude of earth fault current in the line to earth fault on an earthed system is determined by 

• Impedance from source to fault
• Impedance of earth return paths

Capacitor ( Function of capacitor )

• The capacitor is defined as the conducting plates separated by dielectric material. 
• The function of capacitor is to store electricity in which excess electrons on one plate and deficit electrons on other plate. 

Capacitors in Series and Parallel

Capacitor in series

• If the positive plate of one capacitor is connected to negative plate of another capacitor , it is called as series connection of capacitors. 
• If there are three capacitors connected across direct supply voltage V,

Why Crushed Rock is used at the earth surface in the substation?

• We always see crushed rock spread on the surface of soil in the substation. 
• The resistivity of gravel is approximately 2000 ohm – meter whereas the soil resistivity is only 100 ohm – meter. 
• We say that the resistivity of gravel is 20 times than that of soil.