The life of
capacitor is affected by
Temperature
The temperature depends upon following parameters
( 1 ) Ambient temperature at which capacitor is operated
( 2 ) Over current flows through capacitor
( 3 ) Dielectric and resistive power loss in the capacitor
- As the temperature increases, there is fast degradation of the dielectric. The life of capacitor is reduced to half for every 10 degree increases in the temperature.
- The life of capacitor reduces for faster degradation of the dielectric. There is expansion of impregnation and dielectric material if the temperature increases beyond its limit.
- The capacitor may be burnt in the worst condition. The classification of capacitor is done according to ambient maximum temperature operating condition.
Symbol |
Maximum ambient
temperature |
A |
40 |
B |
45 |
C |
50 |
D |
55 |
- If the voltage increases beyond its specific limit, the dielectric of capacitor may breakdown.
- This will result in capacitor may short circuit permanently.
Current flow
through capacitor
- If the voltage increases beyond its specific limit, the capacitor current increases because the XC of the capacitor remains same.
- This will reduce the life of capacitor.
- Voltage limit for capacitor
+ 10% |
8 hours in 24 hours |
+15% |
30 min in 24 hours |
+20% |
5 min in 24 hours |
+30% |
1 min in 24 hours |
( 1 ) Over load
current
- The over load current of capacitor is due to over voltage and harmonics. This may lead to local hot spot and internal short circuit of the capacitor.
( 2 ) Inrush current
- When capacitor is switched on, a very high inrush current flows which may be 100 times rated current of capacitor.
- If the inrush current is not limited during frequent switching operation, it may leads to life of capacitor.
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