P type semiconductor
- The P type semiconductor material is formed by addition of acceptor type impurity atoms ( gallium, indium, aluminum, boron ) to pure silicon / germanium crystals.
- The number of holes added is equal to the number of boron atoms ( acceptor impurities ) because each atoms contribute one hole.
- When hole moves away from its parent atom, the remaining atoms become negative ion.
- This ion cannot take part in the conduction because it is fixed in the crystal structure of semiconductor.
N type semiconductor
- Similarly, the N type semiconductor is formed by addition of donor type impurity atoms ( Antimony, Phosphorus, Arsenic ) to pure silicon / germanium crystals.
- The number of free and mobile electrons are equal to the number of donor impurity atoms.
- When electron moves away from its parent atom, it leaves behind positive ion.
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Intrinsic semiconductor
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